Niven, William John - The Buchenwald child_ truth, fiction, and propaganda (2007).pdf

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THE
BUCHENWALD
CHILD
and Propaganda
Truth, Fiction,
BILL NIVEN
laid
Buchenwald, where communist-led prison-
ers allegedly threw off the fascist yoke in a
heroic act of self-liberation (although in real-
ity they were liberated by the American
army). A key strand in the Buchenwald nar-
rative was the tale of the rescue by commu-
nist prisoners of a three-year-old Jewish
prisoner, Stefan Jerzy Zweig. His story be-
came a powerful focus for the country’s cel-
ebration of its antifascist past. Bruno Apitz’s
novel Naked among Wolves, which describes
Zweig’s rescue, was published in 1958 and
became an immediate bestseller. It was later
adapted into a highly successful cinema film,
and became a staple of the school curricu-
lum. In 1963, a campaign to find Zweig —
by this time a grown man — met with suc-
cess when he was located in Lyon and of-
fered the chance to study in the GDR.
Bill Niven sets out to establish what re-
ally happened to Zweig in Buchenwald.
How was he protected by adult prisoners,
and at what price? (There is evidence that a
Sinto boy was sent to Auschwitz in Zweig’s
place, perhaps as a result of the influence of
the communist prisoners, evidence that was
or its leaders, the German Democratic
Republic was founded on the legacy of
communist resistance to Nazism. They
particular emphasis on events at
suppressed in the GDR.)
Niven
explores
how Zweig’s story was presented in East
Germany and examines what that reveals
about the country’s understanding — and
use of — the Nazi past and the Holocaust.
He then examines the postunification recep-
tion of Zweig’s story: in a unified Germany
dominated by west Germans, the GDR’s de-
ployment of the story has come in for heavy
criticism — which in turn serves the politi-
cized end of condemning East Germany’s
approach to the Nazi past.
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TITHE BUCHENWALD
CHILD

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