Elements - Facts at Your Fingertips.pdf

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PERIODIC TABLE
POCKET EYEWITNESS
FACTS AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
DK DELHI
Senior Editors
Virien Chopra, Rupa Rao
Senior Art Editor
Shreya Anand
Art Editor
Noopur Dalal
Assistant Editor
Bipasha Roy
Jacket Designer
Priyanka Bansal
DTP Designers
Ashok Kumar, Pawan Kumar, Jagtar Singh
Picture Researcher
Aditya Katyal
Pre-production Manager
Balwant Singh
Production Manager
Pankaj Sharma
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Taiyaba Khatoon
Managing Editor
Kingshuk Ghoshal
Managing Art Editor
Govind Mittal
DK LONDON
Project Art Editor
Renata Latipova
Editor
Jessica Cawthra
Jacket Design Development Manager
Sophia MTT
Producer, Pre-production
Jacqueline Street-Elkayam
Senior Producer
Jude Crozier
Managing Editor
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Anna Hall
Publisher
Andrew Macintyre
Art Director
Karen Self
Publishing Director
Jonathan Metcalf
Author
Tom Jackson
Consultant
John Gillespie
First published in Great Britain in 2020 by
Dorling Kindersley Limited
80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL
Copyright © 2020 Dorling Kindersley Limited
A Penguin Random House Company
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–316703–January/2020
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in
any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the
prior written permission of the copyright owner.
A CIP catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library.
ISBN: 978-0-2414-1302-9
Printed and bound in China
A WORLD OF IDEAS:
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW
www.dk.com
CONTENTS
4
8
12
14
What is an element?
Inside an atom
Grouping the elements
Periodic table
68 LANTHANIDES
110 NITROGEN GROUP
16 HYDROGEN
18
Hydrogen
20 ALKALI METALS
72
Lanthanum, Cerium,
Praseodymium
74
Neodymium, Promethium,
Europium, Samarium,
Gadolinium
76
Terbium, Dysprosium,
Holmium
78
Thulium, Erbium,
Lutetium, Ytterbium
80 ACTINIDES
114
Nitrogen
116
Phosphorus, Arsenic
118
Antimony, Bismuth,
Moscovium
120 OXYGEN GROUP
124
Oxygen, Sulfur
128
Selenium, Tellurium,
Polonium, Livermorium
130 HALOGEN GROUP
24
Lithium, Sodium,
Potassium
28
Rubidium, Caesium,
Francium
30 ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
34
Beryllium, Magnesium,
Calcium
36
Strontium, Barium, Radium
38 TRANSITION METALS
84
Actinium, Thorium,
Protactinium
86
Uranium, Neptunium,
Plutonium
88
Americium, Berkelium,
Einsteinium, Curium,
Californium
90
Fermium, Mendelevium,
Nobelium, Lawrencium
92 BORON GROUP
134
Fluorine, Chlorine,
Bromine
136
Iodine, Tennessine,
Astatine
138 NOBLE GASES
142
Helium, Neon, Argon
144
Krypton, Xenon, Radon,
Oganesson
146
148
150
152
156
Fascinating facts
What’s in a name?
Glossary
Index
Acknowledgments
42
Scandium, Titanium
44
Vanadium, Chromium,
Manganese
46
Iron, Cobalt
50
Nickel, Copper, Zinc
52
Yttrium, Zirconium,
Niobium, Molybdenum
54
Technetium, Ruthenium,
Palladium, Rhodium
56
Silver, Cadmium, Hafnium
58
Tantalum, Tungsten,
Rhenium, Iridium, Osmium
60
Platinum, Gold
64
Mercury, Rutherfordium,
Dubnium, Seaborgium
66
Bohrium, Hassium,
Meitnerium, Darmstadtium,
Roentgenium, Copernicium
96
Boron, Aluminium
98
Gallium, Indium, Thallium,
Nihonium
100 CARBON GROUP
104
Carbon, Silicon
108
Germanium, Flerovium,
Tin, Lead
ATOMIC MASS:
The relative atomic mass of an element. This is the
average of the atomic masses of all the forms of an element. In cases
where the relative atomic mass is not known, the atomic mass of an
element’s most stable form is given within brackets.
STATE:
The state of an element at 20°C (68°F).
DISCOVERY:
The year in which an element was discovered,
along with the names of the discoverers. When different people
have discovered an element separately, individual dates are given
for each discoverer.

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