Organic Chemistry - Methane to Macromolecules (1971) Roberts et al.pdf

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Organic chemistry
ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
methane to macromolecules
JOHN D. ROBERTS
California ~nsiiitke Technology
of
ROSS STEWART
University of British Columbia
MARJORIE C. CASERIO
University of California, Irvine
W. A.
BENJAMIN,
INC.
New York
1971
Organic chemistry: Methane t o macromolecules
Copyright
0
1971 by
W.
A. Benjamin, Inc.
All
rights reserved
Standard Book Number 8053-8332-8
Library
of
Congress Catalog Card Number 71-130356
Manufactured in the United States of America
12345K54321
Portions
of
this book appeared previously in
Modern Organic
Chemistry
by John D. Roberts and Marjorie C. Caserio,
published by
W.
A. Benjamin, Inc.
1967,
New York
W.
A. BENJAMIN, INC.
New York. New York 10016
preface
The success achieved by this book's forerunners, Basic Principles o Organic
f
Chemistry and Modern Organic Chemistry, was to a considerable extent due
to the rigor with which the subject of organic chemistry was presented. In the
present work we have tried to paint an interesting, relevant, and up-to-date
picture of organic chemistry while retaining the rigorous approach of the
earlier books.
Organic chemistry sometimes appears to be enormously complex to the
beginning student, particularly if he must immediately grapple with the
subjects of structural isomerism and nomenclature. We have attempted to
avoid this difficulty in the following way. Chapter
1
briefly relates carbon to
its neighbors in the Periodic Table and reviews some fundamental concepts.
Chapter
2
deals with the four C, and
C ,
hydrocarbons-methane, ethane,
ethene, and ethyne-and discusses their conformational and configurational
properties and some of their chemical reactions. The reader thus makes an
acquaintance with the properties of some important organic compounds before
dealing in an open-ended way with families of compounds-alkanes, alcohols,
etc.
A heavy emphasis on spectroscopy is retained but the subject is introduced
somewhat later than in the earlier books. Important additions are chapters
dealing with enzymic processes and metabolism and with cyclization reac-
tions. Many of the exercises of the earlier books have been retained and have
been supplemented with drill-type problems.
It seems a shame to burden the mind of the beginning student with trivial
names, some of them quite illogical, and throughout we have stressed IUPAC
nomenclature, which is both logical and easy to learn. The instructor, who
may well carry lightly the excess baggage of redundant names, may occasion-
ally find this irritating but we ask him to consider the larger good. As a further
aid to the student, each chapter concludes with a summary of important
points.
The simple introduction to the subject and the emphasis on relevance,
particularly to living systems, should make the book appealing to the general
student. At the same time we hope that the up-to-date and more advanced
topics that are included-the effect of orbital symmetry on cyclization reac-
tions, for example-will also appeal to the chemistry specialist.
We should like to acknowledge the help of many persons who read all or
parts of the manuscript and offered sound advice. Professor George
E.
Hall
read the manuscript at several stages of revision and we are particularly

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