Medieval Warfare Magazine 2019-02-03 Vol.VIII Iss.06.pdf

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IN THIS ISSUE:
LOUIS IX LEADS A CRUSADE AGAINST AYYUBID EGYPT (1248-1254)
MEDIEVAL WARFARE
VOL VIII, ISSUE 6
MW
WWW.MEDIEVAL-WARFARE.COM // KARWANSARAY PUBLISHERS
JAN / FEB 2019
MEDIEVAL WARFARE
VIII
-6
06
9 772211 512009
>
UK £5.99
THE SEVENTH
CRUSADE
The King of France invades of Egypt
13:18:36
THEME –
THE BATTLES OF DAMIETTA & MANSURA
//
RISE OF THE MAMLUKS
//
CRUSADER SWORDS
SULTANA SHAJAR AL-DURR
//
13TH CENTURY FOOT SOLDIERS
//
SAINT LOUIS RETURNS TO FRANCE
mw
MEDIEVAL WARFARE
Publisher: Jasper Oorthuys
Editor: Peter Konieczny
Proofreader: Naomi Munts
Design & Media: Christy Beall
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Christie, Murray Dahm, William Chester Jordan,
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Illustrators: Rocío Espin, Zvonimir Grbasic, Julia
Lillo, Angel García Pinto, Marek Szyszko
Print: Grafi Advies
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THEME:
LOUIS IX AND THE SEVENTH CRUSADE
It was one of the most well-planned military campaigns of the Middle
Ages, but the French king finds that conquering Egypt is no simple feat.
6
Louis IX goes on crusade
The King of France sails to the Middle East
32
Mighty Mamluks
The slaves that ruled an empire
10
Louis' foot soldiers
The infantry in the Seventh Crusade
38
Two rulers fall
The destruction of the crusader army
12
The Battle of Damietta
Landing on the beaches
44
Etiam reges - "Even kings"
Louis IX deals with defeat
18
Shajar al-Durr
The Sultana of Egypt
52
Swords of the crusaders
From blades to pommels
24
The Battle of Mansura
Victory and disaster along the Nile
DEPARTMENTS
4
Marginalia
Opinions and medieval news
58
Further reading
Books and articles on the Seventh Crusade
54
The game's afoot
Warfare in Shakespearean films
18
44
THE SULTANA
With Egypt in crisis, a woman rises to take
command. Can she hold on to power?
LOUIS IN DEFEAT
The King of France returns from the Middle
East, determined to change his nation.
Medieval Warfare VIII-6
3
CONTENTS
MARGINALIA
BY PETER KONIECZNY
Editorial
The Seventh Crusade is an event that does
not get enough attention, and having this is-
sue devoted almost entirely to this conflict
it is our hope that it will offer readers new
insights into it. It was a huge undertaking for
King Louis IX of France, involving years of
preparation and a massive logistical effort.
By the time it was over, both the crusader
movement and the country of Egypt would
be greatly changed.
With the thirteenth-century Middle East
being my main area of interest, I took an edi-
tor’s prerogative to write about the events of
the crusade. Several other writers have joined
in, including William Chester Jordan, one of
the leading medieval historians in the world. I
first heard this piece when William gave it as a
plenary speech during a conference in 2015.
It is an engaging and gripping account of
Louis IX in the aftermath of the Seventh Cru-
sade, the very kind of article that I’ve wanted
to share with the readers of
Medieval Warfare
ever since I first became its editor.
Peter Konieczny
Editor,
Medieval Warfare
Novelist Jin Yong passes away
The world of Chinese litera-
ture is mourning the death of
Jin Yong. The novelist was the
famous writer of the Wuxia
genre, historical fiction of the
martial arts set in ancient and
medieval China.
Jin Yong was the pen name
of Louis Cha Jing-yong, who
originally worked as a journalist
in Hong Kong. He began writing
fiction in 1955 and produced fifteen novels,
which have sold hundreds of millions of cop-
ies. There are also dozens of adaptations into
film, television shows, and video games.
Only a handful of Jin Yong’s books
have been translated into English, includ-
ing
The Book and the Sword, The Deer
and the Cauldron,
and most recently the
first volume of
The Legend of the Condor
Heroes.
His work and influence have been
compared to JRR Tolkien’s.
Viking ship discovered in Norway
Archaeologists using high-resolution Geo-
Radar have found a Viking ship and a large
number of burial mounds and longhouses
in south-eastern Norway.
The digital scans reveal a large and
well-defined 20-metre-long ship-shaped
structure. They indicate that the lower part
of the ship is still preserved. Further non-in-
vasive investigations are planned to digitally
map the unique find and
the wider landscape.
The
sensational
find is located at Viks-
letta, right next to the
monumental Jelle mound
in Østfold County. The
team has discovered the
traces of at least eight
as-yet-unknown burial
mounds destroyed by
ploughing. But with the
help of GeoRadar, the
remnants and enclosing ditches of these mas-
sive monuments can still be mapped in detail.
Beside the monumental burial mounds,
the GeoRadar data revealed five longhouses
– some of them remarkably large.
Dr. Knut Paasche, Head of the Depart-
ment of Digital Archaeology at the Norwe-
gian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research
(NIKU) and an expert on Viking ships, com-
mented: “This find is incredibly exciting as
we only know of three well-preserved Viking
ship finds in Norway, excavated a long time
ago. This new ship will certainly be of great
historical significance as it can be investigat-
ed with all modern means of archaeology.”
The archaeologists are now hoping to
carry out further investigations of the ship
and other finds with non-invasive methods
before any excavations. They believe that
various scans can provide more insights
about the ship without having to dig it up
and expose it to the elements.
The outline of the
Viking ship can clearly
be seen in this image
of radar data.
© Lars Gustaven / NIKU
4
Medieval Warfare VIII-6
Staffordshire Hoard helmet reconstructions revealed
After spending years studying hundreds of
fragments and then using both cutting-edge
technology and ancient craft techniques,
two reconstructions have been made of the
magnificent helmet contained within the
Staffordshire Hoard.
The two versions of the 1,300-year-old
helmet are now on display at the Birmingham
Museum & Art Gallery and the Potteries Muse-
um & Art Gallery, the museums that are home
to large parts of the Staffordshire Hoard.
The Staffordshire Hoard was found in a
field near Lichfield, in Staffordshire, in 2009.
It is the largest collection of Anglo-Saxon
gold and silver ever discovered. Heavily
damaged before it was buried, the seventh-
century treasure contains more than 4,000
precious fragments, approximately a third of
which are now known to come from a sin-
gle helmet. This kind of item is incredibly
rare – there are only five other Anglo-Saxon
helmets known. The detail and bold crested
design mean the Staffordshire Hoard Helmet
is likely to have had an important owner.
“After nearly ten years, the Staffordshire
Hoard is still giving up its secrets,” says Dr Ellen
McAdam, director of Birmingham Museums
Trust. “Research has now shown us that the
Hoard contains fragments of a helmet. Only
Anglo-Saxon kings wore helmets, and this is
one of a very small number ever to be found.
“It has been carefully reconstructed
by scholars and craftspeople to give us an
insight into the way Anglo-Saxon warriors
lived and fought. The displays in Birmingham
and Stoke-on-Trent will share the results of
research with the public to help them under-
stand how the Hoard came into being.”
Much of the original helmet – including
the steel base, which provided the shape –
is missing, while the surviving parts are too
damaged and incomplete to be re-joined.
Therefore, it will never be possible to reas-
semble the original physically.
Instead, the project explored how the
helmet may have been made and what
it looked like, enabling archaeologists to
understand its construction better and test
theories about its structure and assembly. A
team of specialist makers were brought in
to work on the jewellery, metal, and leather
parts of the helmet. Laser scanning of the
original objects was used to ensure the
replica pieces are as close to the surviving
original parts as possible.
Despite the intensive research project,
there are still many questions to be answered
about the helmet, including who exactly it
would have been made for. The Staffordshire
Hoard Helmet is comparable to the Sutton
Hoo Helmet from Suffolk, of which a famous
reconstruction is on display at the British
Museum. That helmet is thought to have be-
longed to a king or prince, and the Stafford-
shire Hoard Helmet is similarly impressive.
For more details, visit the Staffordshire Hoard
website at www.staffordshirehoard.org.uk.
The Staffordshire Hoard helmet re-
construction, along with fragments
from the original.
© Birmingham Museums Trust / Howard
Maryon Davis
During the Battle of Mansura,
Jean de Joinville and other French
crusaders are trapped inside a
ruined house and must fight for
their lives.
π
ON THE COVER
Medieval Warfare VIII-6
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