Scientific American 2022 12.pdf

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DECEMBER 2022
SCIENTIFICAMERICAN.COM
Moral Injury
Opioids and
Inequality
Rethinking
Autism Therapy
A New
Era for
Astronomy
How the James Webb Space Telescope
is transforming our view of the universe
December 2022
VO L U M E 3 2 7, N U M B E R 6
60
SPECIAL REPORT
P S YC H O LO G Y
26 A New Era
for Astronomy
28 Breaking
Cosmology
JWST’s first images include
unimaginably distant galaxies
that challenge theories of how
quickly these structures can form.
By
Jonathan O’Callaghan
52 An Invisible Epidemic
Moral injury results when a per-
son’s core principles are violated,
such as during wartime or a
pandemic, and it afflicts millions.
By Elizabeth Svoboda
H E A LT H
60 Overdose of Inequality
The face of the opioid epidemic has
changed, from white and middle
class to people of color. Biases
in medical care worsen their
death toll.
By Melba Newsome and
Gioncarlo Valentine
NATURE OUTLOOK
39 The Bounty
of “Empty” Space
Deep-field images uncover
more of the universe than
we ever thought possible.
By
Fabio Pacucci
42 Behind the Pictures
How JWST’s images are made.
By Clara Moskowitz
and Jen Christiansen
S 1 Pandemic Preparedness
This
Nature
report explores the
global challenge of infectious
disease. How can leaders pre-
vent future pandemics? Can
we stop disease spread early?
Health policy makers must
cultivate social trust.
ON THe c OVe r
The James Webb Space Telescope’s first
cache of cosmic images proves it is everything
astronomers hoped it would be. The observa­
tory’s stunning pictures of nebulae, distant
galaxies and planets are wowing scientists,
and its early data promise to help solve
several astronomical mysteries.
Image by NASA, eSA, cSA, STScI and
Webb erO Production Team.
46 Cosmic Portraits
JWST’s new views of
familiar space sights reveal
details never before seen.
By Clara Moskowitz
Photograph by Gioncarlo Valentine
December 2022, ScientificAmerican.com
1
4 From the Editor
6 Letters
8 Science Agenda
As 2022 comes to a close, we find that space exploration
can give us hope and, maybe, peace on Earth.
By the Editors
9 Forum
Without access to data, how social media affects
mental health and the spread of misinformation is hard
to understand.
By Renée DiResta, Laura Edelson,
Brendan Nyhan and Ethan Zuckerman
Kailey Whitman
9
12 Advances
The potential scaly origins of teeth. Lightning’s surpris-
ing scarcity over oceans. A long-standing computer
graphics puzzle. How to transform robot knowledge.
24 Meter
A nautical rumination on the uncertainty principle.
By Richard Blanco
Chad Kemper/Alamy Stock Photo
25 The Science of Health
Autism treatment shifts away from “fixing” the condition.
By Claudia Wallis
72 Mind Matters
Why social media makes people so unhappy—
and how to fix it.
By Daisy Yuhas
12
74 Reviews
How beavers shaped America. A climate thriller.
Essays on mysterious sea creatures. Revisiting
early modern illustrations of birth.
By Amy Brady
76 Observatory
Arctic lakes are disappearing fast, in an ominous sign
of global warming.
By Naomi Oreskes
78 50, 100 & 150 Years Ago
By Mark Fischetti
Jay Bendt
80 Graphic Science
Flowing lines depict the varied stars of the Milky Way.
By Clara Moskowitz and Nadieh Bremer
76
Scientific American (ISSN 0036-8733), Volume 327, Number 6, December 2022, published monthly by Scientific American, a division of Springer Nature America, Inc., 1 New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, N.Y. 10004-
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Scientific American, December 2022

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