Selected Wild Mushrooms of Himachal Pradesh - HIMCOSTE & HFRI (2018) - Booklet.pdf

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Department of Science
and Technology (DST)
Govt. of India
SELECTED WILD MUSHROOMS OF
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HIMACHAL PRADESH COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT [HIMCOSTE]
HIMALAYAN FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE (HFRI)
SELECTED WILD MUSHROOMS OF
HIMACHAL PRADESH
Himachal Pradesh is situated in western Himalayas in the northern part of India. It
lies between 30˚22'40” to 33˚12'20” N latitude and 75˚45'55” to 79˚04' 20” E
longitude and spread over 55,673 Km
2
. The elevation ranges from 450 meters to
over 7,026 meters above mean sea level. The State's name was coined from the
Sanskrit-Him means 'snow' and
achal
means 'land'. It is bordered by Jammu and
Kashmir on the north, Punjab on the southwest, Haryana on the south, Uttarakhand
on the southeast and Tibet on the east. As per data of 2011 census, Himachal
Pradesh has population of 68.65 Lakhs. About 90 per cent people live in rural areas
and are directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture and horticulture for their
livelihood.
The North West Himalaya in Himachal Pradesh exhibits lots of variation in altitude
and climatic conditions. This region abounds in forest wealth, including many
species of trees and other woody plants. Different parts of Himachal Pradesh are
inhabited by the tribal communities who are using traditional knowledge to
identify the edible, poisonous and medicinal mushrooms as herbal remedies to cure
different types of diseases.
Mushrooms have been the objects of much curiosity and speculation since times
immemorial. Mushroom lacks chlorophyll and cannot, therefore, make its own
food. It grows on dead organic matter or parasitically or symbiotically with other
living organisms. They are integral component of the forest ecosystems. Their
edibility, poisonous nature, psychotropic properties and mycorrhizal and parasitic
association with the forest trees makes them economically important and
interesting to study. Wild edible mushrooms are an important supplementary food
source for rural communities and also provides additional income when sold in
regional markets. A brief account of some common edible mushrooms of Himachal
Pradesh is described in this booklet. But it is always advisable not to eat any
mushroom from the wild unless you are absolutely sure of its identity, because
many mushroom species are poisonous.
SELECTED WILD MUSHROOMS OF
HIMACHAL PRADESH
Agaricus campestris L.
Family:Agaricaceae
Common name: Button mushroom or field
mushroom
Key features: The cap is creamy white
and bears small scales towards maturity.
Gills are pinkish initially and turns black
on maturity. Stipe is white, smooth with
tapering base and bear ring near cap.
Occurrence: Grows as saprophyte alone
or in fairy rings in fields, lawns and
grasslands.
Amanita caesarea (Scop.) Pers
Family: Amanitaceae
Common name: Caesar's mushroom
Key features: The cap is orange to a
brilliant red-orange,convex and becomes
flat with age. Gills are light yellow and
free. Stipe is long and cylindrical, pale to
orange, wears ring near top and volva at the
base.
Occurrence: Occurs solitary or in groups in
symbiotic association with pine and oak.
(photograph source: Wikipedia).
SELECTED WILD MUSHROOMS OF
HIMACHAL PRADESH
Amanita vaginata
(Bull.) Lam.
Family:
Amanitaceae
Common name:
Grisette
Key features:
The cap is convex or
near flat, bears small central raised
area (umbo), gray to grayish brown,
margins are striated. The stipe is
long with slight tapering apex,
wearing few grayish scales,
stuffed to hollow, lacking ring
but having volva at base
Occurrence:
Occurs solitary or in
groups in symbiotic association with
pine and oak. (photograph source:
Wikipedia).
Boletus edulis
Bull.
Family:
Boletaceae
Common Name:
Penny bun
Key features:
Cap penny bun like,
yellowish brown to brown to darke
color, sticky to touch. Hymenium
porus, yellowish.Stipe central,
bulbous, brownish to whitish yellow.
Occurrence:
Occurs as symbiotic
associates of conifers.
SELECTED WILD MUSHROOMS OF
HIMACHAL PRADESH
Cantharellus cibarius
Fr.
Family:
Cantharellaceae
Common name:
Chanterelles
Key Features:
The cap is funnel shaped,
light yellow to deep egg yellow or
orange, margins are wavy and irregular
and lower surface with false gills. Stipe
show wide variation in shape and size,
often fused together when growing in
clusters.
Occurrence:
Occurs singly, scattered in
groups, or sometimes clustered on the
ground.
Coprinus comatus
(O.F.Müll.)
Pers.
Family:
Agaricaceae
Common name:
Shaggy inky cap
Key features:
Oval to rounded-
cylindrical cap becoming bell shaped on
maturity, bear shaggy scales. Gills are
white becoming black and inky with age.
Stipe is fibrous, hollow, usually tapers
towards top.
Occurrence:
Occurs scattered or in
groups on leaf litter in lawns and grassy
areas.

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