Guide to Missouri's Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms by Malissa Briggler (Missouri Dept of Conservation) (2018).pdf

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D POISONOUS
EDIBLE AN
A GUIDE TO MISSOURI’S
ROOMS
MUSH
M I S S O U R I D E PA R T M E N T O F C O N S E R VAT I O N
A Guide to Missouri’s
Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms
by Malissa Briggler, Missouri Department of Conservation
Content review by Patrick R. Leacock, Ph.D.
Front cover:
Morels are the most widely recognized edible
mushroom in Missouri. They can be found throughout the state and
are the inspiration of several festivals and mushroom-hunting forays.
Photo by Jim Rathert.
Caution!
If you choose to eat wild mushrooms, safety should be your first
concern. Never forget that some mushrooms are deadly, and
never eat a mushroom you have not positively identified. If you
cannot positively identify a mushroom you want to eat, throw
it out. The author, the reviewers, the Missouri Department of
Conservation, and its employees disclaim any responsibility for
the use or misuse of information in this book.
mdc.mo.gov
Copyright © 2018 by the Conservation Commission
of the State of Missouri
Published by the Missouri Department of Conservation
PO Box 180, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102–1080
Equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from programs of the Missouri
Department of Conservation is available to all individuals without regard to their
race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. Questions should be directed to the
Department of Conservation, PO Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102, 573–751–4115
(voice) or 800–735–2966 (TTY), or to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of
Federal Assistance, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Mail Stop: MBSP-4020, Arlington, VA 22203.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Enjoy Missouri’s Wild Mushrooms Safely ..................... 2
Ensure a Positive Experience .......................................................3
Learn More About Mushrooms ....................................................4
Make a Spore Print.......................................................................6
The Puffballs .................................................................................8
Shaggy Mane .............................................................................10
Coral Fungi .................................................................................12
Morels ........................................................................................14
Chanterelles ...............................................................................17
Bearded Tooth............................................................................20
Oyster Mushroom ......................................................................22
Boletes .......................................................................................24
Chicken of the Woods ................................................................26
Hen of the Woods ......................................................................28
Amanitas ....................................................................................32
False Morels ...............................................................................34
Little Brown Mushrooms (LBMs) ................................................36
Jack-o’-Lantern...........................................................................38
Green-Spored Lepiota ...............................................................40
Edible Mushrooms ....................................................... 7
Poisonous Mushrooms ............................................... 31
Additional Sources ..................................................... 42
1
ENJOY MISSOURI’S WILD
MUSHROOMS SAFELY
Most people new to mushroom hunting have one basic question: Is it
edible or is it poisonous? To answer this question, even experienced
mushroom hunters practice caution. They check and double-check the
identification of each mushroom, and, when in doubt, they throw it out.
This book can help you enjoy Missouri’s wild mushrooms safely.
Keep it handy to identify our state’s choicest edible mushrooms and to
avoid those that could sicken you or worse.
As you gain experience hunting, identifying, and enjoying wild
mushrooms, you may develop a deeper interest in other types of fungi
To aid positive identification, collect whole specimens, including the base, and
closely observe field details.
2
DAVID STONNER
and their role in our world. Fungi play an incredibly important role in
breaking down organic material and returning those nutrients to the
soil. Many form mutually beneficial relationships with roots of trees and
other plants, increasing their capabilities to absorb water and nutrients
that help them survive and flourish. In fact, researchers are learning that
soil health and function are based to a large degree on the relationship
between fungi and plants.
Once the fascinating natural history, variety, and function of
macrofungi in our environment have captured your interest, you may
find that some of your most enjoyable moments spent mushroom
hunting might even be the times you find unfamiliar yet nonedible
mushrooms.
Ensure a Positive Experience
Always practice caution when gathering mushrooms for the table.
Follow these tips to help ensure a positive experience all the way from
forest to fork.
Collect carefully.
Carry a digging tool and a roll of wax paper (not
plastic wrap, which hastens decay) in a flat-bottomed basket. This kit
will allow you to collect entire specimens (including the base), keep
them separate, and avoid crushing them. Record field details for
mushrooms that need to be identified: where the mushroom is growing
(on wood, soil, or decaying organic material), habit (single or in
clusters), the color of the various parts of the mushroom, and distinctive
features such as staining or bruising. Take only fresh, young specimens,
and wrap them so that different species are kept separate.
Check and double-check the identification.
To be completely
confident that a mushroom is edible, make sure that all the features
of the mushroom in hand match those described in this guide. If all
but a few features match, the mushroom may be a similar-looking yet
poisonous mushroom.
Be sure to inspect every mushroom.
It is easy when gathering
mushrooms to harvest a similar-looking yet different and potentially
dangerous mushroom. Give each mushroom a thorough inspection.
Try a small amount first.
Even popular mushrooms like morels
can make some people sick. If you have never eaten a certain kind of
mushroom, try a small cooked amount of it first, then wait at least 24
hours before eating more.
Never eat a raw mushroom.
To rid mushrooms of insects, slice
them lengthwise and soak them in salted water for a few minutes.
Cooking will kill any harmful bacteria that might be present.
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