Harpoon V - China's_Navy.pdf

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China’s Navy
Ships and Aircraft of the People’s Republic of China,
1955 - 2021
edited by
Larry Bond, Chris Carlson,
and Peter Grining
published by
Admiralty Trilogy Group
Copyright © 2021 by Admiralty Trilogy Group, LLC
All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. Made in the USA.
No part of this game may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher.
Harpoon
is a registered Trademark by Larry Bond and Christopher Carlson for their modern tactical naval wargame. The
Admiralty Trilogy
is a registered Trademark by Larry Bond, Christopher Carlson, Edward Kettler, and Michael Harris for their
nineteenth-, twentieth-, and twenty-first-century tactical naval gaming system.
The editors of
China's Navy
are prepared to answer questions about the supplement. They can be reached in care of adtr-
group@aol.com. Visit their website at www.admiraltytrilogy.com.
Information cutoff date 1 October 2021
Cover: The Type 052C [Luyang II] class DDG
Zhengzhou/151
leads two Type 054A [Jiangkai II] FFGs,
Jiangshan/570
and
Daqing/576,
followed by the Type 071 [Yuzhao] class LPD
Kunlunshan/998
at the end of a joint exercise with Russia in 2016
(PLAN).
2
Introduction
Introduction
The Peoples’ Liberation Army (PLA) includes all branches
of China’s military. These are the Army Ground Forces or
PLAGF (sometimes called “PLA Army,” which is confusing, or
“PLAA” in English), PLAN (Navy), PLAAF (Air Force), PLARF
(Rocket Forces). Paratroop units are under PLAAF control,
and the Marine Corps (PLANMC) is under the PLAN.
In early 2016, the organization of PLA changed, with the
formation of Theater Commands in the North, East, South,
West and Central regions (these are shown on the map on
page 4). These Commands are a combination of PLAGF,
PLAN and PLAAF forces. Only the East, North and South
have fleets assigned.
The PLARF remains independent of the Theater Com-
mands but would provide conventional and nuclear firepower
as required.
The PLA Strategic Support Force (PLASSF, sometimes
“SSF” but the full name is used to avoid confusion with the
old “South Sea Fleet” acronym) handles cyber, electronic,
psychological warfare and space operations. It is responsible
for providing satellite targeting for the PLARF. The BeiDou sat-
ellite navigation system was extended from regional in 2012 to
global coverage in 2020, removing the need for dependence
on the US GPS network.
The PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, or PLAJLSF, does
what the name suggests.
People's Liberation Army Navy
In February 2016, the East Sea Fleet, North Sea Fleet,
and South Sea Fleet were renamed “Theater Command Na-
vies:”
• The Northern Theater Command Navy (NTCN) (Beihai
Fleet)
• The Southern Theater Command Navy (STCN) (Nanhai
Fleet)
• The Eastern Theater Command Navy ETCN (Donghai
Fleet).
The main bases in the NTCN are Dalian and Qingdao;
the ETCN has Fuijian, Shanghai and Zhoushan; the STCN
has bases in Guangzhou, Yulin and Zhanjiang. The SSBNs
are based at Jianggezhuang, near Qingdao.
The aircraft carrier
Liaoning
was originally considered
a training carrier, and was based at Qingdao in the North,
directly under command of PLAN Headquarters. This is close
to the Chinese equivalent of the Naval War College in Dalian,
and was first used to develop carrier doctrine and build ex-
perience in flight operations at sea. With time and along with
Shandong,
it may have been designated an operational unit.
In this case, it would be subordinated to a theater command -
possibly the NTCN for
Liaoning
and the STCN for
Shandong.
The People’s Liberation Army Navy Marine Corps
(PLANMC) was formed in April 1953, disbanded in October
1957, then reconstituted in December 1979. Only two of the
six PLANMC brigades are equipped and trained for amphibi-
ous assaults. A Marine Aviation Brigade was formed in 2020
in the NTC with Z-8C transport helicopters.
Weyer’s Warships
of the World Fleet Handbook 2020/2021
gives its strength as
5 brigades and 12 companies.
China’s Navy
The Chinese Coast Guard (CCG) is part of the People’s
Armed Police (PAP) in peacetime, and along with the rest of
the PAP, the theater commands in wartime.
Coastal defenses originally had fixed and mobile artillery,
then fixed cruise missiles like the HY-2 and HY-4, and the
mobile YJ-62 in 2008 and YJ-12 in 2017.
PLA Naval Aviation was formed in 1952. The following
are known units (All have MPA and AEW):
The ETCN has one J-10A, two JH-7, one Su-30MKK and
one H-6 regiment. Ka-28, Ka-31 and Z-9D helicopters are car-
ried by ETCN ships. UAVs were added in 2012.
The NTCN has one regiment of J-8F and two of JH-7A.
Embarked helicopters are Z-9C/D. The NTCN is possibly the
only fleet not using UAVs.
The STCN has three regiments of J-11B, one JH-7A regi-
ment, one H-6 regiment. Ships have Z-9C/D helicopters.
The PLAN has its own air defense units - ETCN has an
AAA regiment, NTCN has an air defense brigade with SAM
unit and AAA regiment. The STCN has an air defense brigade
which includes HQ-6 SAM and LD-2000 AAA.
People's Liberation Army Air Force
Each division typically had two operational and one
training regiments, each of 24 aircraft. As part of the reorga-
nization in 2018, PLAAF fighter and attack units are now Air
Brigades, independent of Divisions. Each brigade has 24-28
aircraft. Specialized aircraft remain in regiments under divi-
sions.
This book covers the hardware that China possessed
between 1955 and the present day. Equally important is the
training provided. This improved from 2017 with more realistic
training and improved instructor selection. However, PLAAF
training was also hindered by the training aircraft available.
This problem was solved in 2019 when the JL-10 trainer en-
tered service.
The PLAAF also operates a large number of surface-to-
air missile units for area defense, including the Russian S-300
and S-400 (a second brigade was delivered in early 2020)
and domestic HQ-9, HQ-12 and HQ-22 with the ballistic mis-
sile defense HQ-19.
Starting in the mid 1980s, most of the 37mm and 57mm
AAA were transferred to the Army, although most of the
85mm and 100mm were retained by the air force.
From 2015, the PLAAF increased maritime training.
PLAAF aircraft now carry anti-ship missiles - the J-16 with YJ-
83K, and H-6K and H-6N with YJ-83K or YJ-12 missiles.
Others
The PLAAF originally flew helicopters to support the
Army. The PLA Army Aviation Corps was formed in 1986.
Currently each PLAGF Group Army has an aviation brigade
with 3 to 8 battalions, each battalion has 12 helicopters and
sometimes a UAV battalion.
The PLAGF combined arms battalions have four QW-2
SAM launchers, brigades have HQ-7 or HQ-17 and AAA.
Group armies have the HQ-16 Buk. At all levels AAA remains.
The PAP have an internal security and disaster relief
roles in peacetime, but would operate under the PLAGF in
wartime, with a primary focus on border security. They have a
number of Z-8 and Z-9 transport helicopters.
3
Table of Contents
Introduction
Table of Contents
PLA Theater Commands
Theater Navy Headquarters and Areas of Responsibility
Abbreviations
Acknowledgements
Annex Notes
Index of Ship Classes
Annex A Ships
Annex B Aircraft
Annex Ba Fuel Offload Factors
Annex C Naval Guns
Annex C2a Land-Based AA Batteries
Annex D1 Surface Missiles
Annex D1a Coastal Defense Missile Batteries
Annex D2 Land-based Surface-to-Air Missiles
Annex D2a Surface-to-Air Missile Batteries
Annex D3 Antiship Ballistic Missiles
Annex E1 Depth Charges
Annex E3 ASW Projectors
Annex E4 ASW Standoff Weapons
Annex F Torpedoes
Annex G Mines
Annex H1 Unguided Air Ordnance
Annex H2 Guided Air Ordnance
Annex H3 Aircraft Guns
Annex H4 Air-to-Air Missiles
Annex H5 Aircraft Electronics Pods
Annex H6 Anti-Runway Ordnance
Annex H7 Free-fall Nuclear Weapons
Annex J1 Naval Radars
Annex J2 Land Radars
Annex J3 Air Radars
Annex K1 Search Sonars
Annex K2 Airborne Search Sonars
Annex K3 Airborne Sonar Processors
Annex L Tactical Data Links
Annex W Environment
Annex Y List of Ship Classifications
Annex Z Conversion Factors & Scales
Bibliography
Page
2
3
4
5
6
6
6
A-1
A-3
B-1
B-27
C-1
C-2
D-1
D-2
D-3
D-4
D-2
E-1
E-1
E-1
F-1
G-1
H-1
H-3
H-2
H-5
H-6
H-7
H-7
J-1
J-3
J-6
K-1
K-2
K-3
L-1
W-1
Y-1
Z-1
102
(Introduction, continued)
Jointness
Before the Theater Commands were formed, joint opera-
tions were rarely practiced. By 2017, exercises between Naval
Aviation and the Air Force were routine. The jointness process
is ongoing, including the joint service JSTIDS data link.
For example, in mid-2020, the Western Theater Command
integrated PLAGF and PLAAF air defense systems, including
sharing radar contacts.

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