Selections from Records of the Historian Written by Szuma Chien - Tr by Yang Hsien-yi & Gladys Yang (1979).pdf

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Selections from
RECORDS
OF
T H E H IS T O R IA N
W ritten By Szuma Chien
Translated by
Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang
FOREIGN LANGUAGES PRESS
PEKING
First Edition
1979
Printed in the P eo pled Republic of China
CONTENTS
PREFACE
Wang Po-bsiang
CONFUCIUS
SUN WU AND WU CHI
WU TZU-HSU
KOU-CfflEN, KING OF YUEH
LORD SHANG
MENCIUS AND HSUN CHING
LORD MENGCHANG
TIEN TAN
FAN SUI AND TSAI TSE
LORD HSINLING
LORD PINGYUAN AND YU CHING
LIEN PO ÀND LIN HSIANG-JU
LU PU-WEI
THE FIRST EMPEROR OF CHIN
CHEN SHEH
HSIANG YU
CHANG LIANG, MARQUIS OF LIU
PRIME MINISTER CHEN PING
HAN HSIN, MARQUIS OF HUAIYIN
CHI PU AND LUAN PU
LIU PI, PRINCE OF WU
THE PRINCES OF HUAINAN AND HENGSHAN
CHANG SHIH-CHIH AND FENG TANG
CHI AN AND CHENG TANG-SHIH
THE MARQUISES OF WEICHI AND WUAN
LI KUANG
THE ASSASSINS
THE JESTERS
THE MONEY-MAKERS
THE GALLANT CITIZENS
THE HARSH OFFICIALS
373
385
403
410
429
437
Preface
Wang Po-hsiang
The
Records of the Historian,
written two thousand years ago
by Szuma Chien of the Han Dynasty, is the greatest historical
work China has produced. Many parts of it ate fine literature.
Thanks to Szuma Chien's rich experience of life, his enlightened
approach to history and his brilliance as a man of letters, he
was able to make a discriminating selection of material and to
write a new form of history. His monumental work provides
a realistic picture of many different historical figures and as­
pects of Han society, in addition to much information about
earlier times. The excellent organization of this work, and
its method of presenting history from various angles, made it
a model for later historians from the Han to the Ching Dynas­
ties. In fact, this became the accepted way of recording offi­
cial history. The rich contents of the
Records,
its remarkable
character sketches and its vast panoramic view of complex so­
cial life induced later prose writers to imitate its style. In this
way it has had a profound influence on Chinese literature.
Szuma Chien was born in 145 B.C. in Hsiayang County,
Fengyi, in what is now the province of Shensi. When he was
a child of about six his father, Szuma Tan, was appointed the
grand historian and took his son with him to the capital Changan
(present-day Sian). Szuma Chien began his studies there and
by the time he was ten was able to read the classics. After
he was twenty he travelled widely and, on his return to the
capital, was made a palace attendant. This post afforded him
further opportunities for travel, and he went on government
missions, accompanying the emperor on his journeys, or touring
the country collecting material for his records. Indeed, he trav-
i

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