The Secret War on the Italian Front in WWI (1915-1918).pdf

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Stato Maggiore della Difesa
Cosmo Colavito
Filippo Cappellano
THE SECRET WAR
ON THE ITALIAN FRONT
IN WWI (1915 - 1918)
The Italian army Intelligence Service and the birth of
Communication Intelligence
Cosmo Colavito,
an engineer specialised in Information
and Communication Technology, has a Ph.D. to teach
Radiocommunications in Italian Universities.
He worked for a long time in those sectors within the
STET group, later Telecom Italia, where he performed
technical and managerial functions. Later, he acted as
a Senior Advisor for leading national and international
bodies. He is member of the Board of
Quadrato della
Radio,
a non-profit association that contributes to the
development and progress of telecommunications.
Mr. Colavito has authored several technical and historical
publications in the Telecommunication field.
Filippo Cappellano,
born in Florence in 1963, is Political
Science and Strategic Science doctor.
As officer in the Italian Army Tank Corps, Colonel
Cappellano served as Head of the Historical Office of the
Army General Staff.
He collaborates with several Italian magazines, museums
and defence industries in the field of military history and
authored many publications on armaments, equipment
and tactical doctrines of the Armed Forces.
Stato Maggiore della Difesa
Cosmo Colavito
Filippo Cappellano
THE SECRET WAR
ON THE ITALIAN FRONT
IN WWI (1915 – 1918)
The Italian army Intelligence Service and the birth of
Communication Intelligence
Cover:
Detail of one of the early Italian radio interception stations
(Luigi Sacco’s Photo Archive preserved by Paolo Bonavoglia)
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Original title:
La Grande Guerra Segreta sul fronte italiano (1915-1918).
La Communication Intelligence per il Servizio Informazioni
Translated from Italian by Paolo Cappelli, Ginevra Geraci, Fabrizio Graziani
No part of this book may be reproduced without permission from the publishers
© 2018 - Italian Ministry of Defence
Historical Office, 5
th
Division, Defence General Staff
Salita di San Nicola da Tolentino, 1/b – 00187 Roma
quinto.segrstorico@smd.difesa.it
Editing: Paola Ducci
Printed in March 2018
Second Edition in Italian: February 2019
Nadir Media
info@nadirmedia.it
Third Edition in English: April 2021
Rubbettino print
88049 Soveria Mannelli (Catanzaro)
Free copy
ISBN: 9788898185412
CONTENTS
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
9
11
CHAPTER 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
FIRST PART
Debates still heated
The Controversy on the Italian Intelligence Service
The Origin of the Debate over the Italian Military Cryptology
Up to the Present
History of the Italian Army’s Intelligence Service up to 1918
Origin and first development
The Piedmontese General Staff and its Intelligence Activities
The Intelligence Service in the Army of the Italian Unitary State
Organisation Changes and Colonial Wars
Information Sources
The end of a peace epoch
International Activities of the Intelligence Office
Counterintelligence
Preparation During Neutrality
Cadorna’s Reorganisation
The first period of War: challenges and new tasks
Intelligence and Situation Offices Enter the War
Human Intelligence Main Sources
Counter-Espionage and Internal Surveillance
The Several Functions of the Intelligence Office
The War Operations in 1915-1916
Difficulties and recovery until Vittorio Veneto
The Reorganization of October 1916
The Crisis of the Intelligence Service
The 1917 Operations
The 1918 Reforms
Propaganda on Both Sides
The Battles of Solstice and Vittorio Veneto
17
17
21
25
31
33
33
35
38
45
47
47
55
56
61
65
65
67
72
75
77
83
83
86
89
94
96
102
CHAPTER 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
CHAPTER 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
CHAPTER 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
CHAPTER 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
3

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