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THE PROFESSIONAL JOURNAL OF THE U.S. ARMY
JANUARY- FEBRUARY 2023
Civilian Control of the Military,
“Useful Fiction”?
Schmidt, p18
“Who’s the Boss?” Defning
the Civil-Military Relationship
Krupski, p26
Politics, Warfare,
and the American People
Shields, p34
Military Power Is Insufcient
Bolton, p63
All Power Is Local
Rose, p76
THE PROFESSIONAL JOURNAL OF THE U.S. ARMY
January-February 2023, Vol. 103, No. 1
Professional Bulletin 100-23-01/02
Commander, USACAC; Commandant, CGSC; DCG for Combined Arms, TRADOC:
Lt. Gen. Milford H. Beagle Jr., U.S. Army
Provost, Army University; DCG for CGSC: Brig. Gen. David C. Foley, U.S. Army
Director and Editor in Chief: Col. Todd A. Schmidt, PhD, U.S. Army
Managing Editor: William M. Darley, Col., U.S. Army (Ret.)
Editorial Assistant: Charlote Richter
Operations Ofcer: Vacant
Senior Editor: Jefrey Buczkowski, Lt. Col., U.S. Army (Ret.)
Writing and Editing: Beth Warrington; Allyson McNit, PhD
Graphic Design: Michael M. Lopez
Webmasters: Michael Serravo; Kyle Davis—Contractor
Editorial Board Members: Rich Creed, Col., U.S. Army (Ret.)—Director, Combined Arms
Doctrine Directorate; Dr. Lester W. Grau—Director of Research, Foreign Military Studies
Ofce; Col. Sam Saine—Director, Center for Army Profession and Leadership; Col. Scot
W. Mueller—Director, Center for Army Lessons Learned; Howard Brewington—Deputy
Director, Mission Command Center of Excellence; Edward T. Bohnemann, Col., U.S.
Army (Ret.)—Deputy, Combined Arms Center-Training; Richard J. Dixon, Col., U.S. Army
(Ret.)—Deputy Director, School of Advanced Military Studies
Consulting Editors: Col. Ewerton Santana Pereira—Brazilian Army, Portuguese Edition
Cover photo:
Aircrew assigned to the 816th Expeditionary Airlif
Squadron assist qualifed evacuees boarding a U.S. Air Force C-17
Globemaster III in support of the Afghanistan evacuation at Hamid Kar-
zai International Airport, 21 August 2021. Evacuees included U.S. State
Department and allied civilian personnel as well as some members of
the Afghan military and general population fearing retribution from the
Taliban. (Photo by Sr. Airman Taylor Crul, U.S. Air Force)
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By Order of the Secretary of the Army:
Official:
JAMES C. MCCONVILLE
General, United States Army
Chief of Staff
MARK F. AVERILL
Administrative Assistant
to the Secretary of the Army
2233405
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Col. Todd A. Schmidt, PhD, U.S. Army
Letter from the Editor in Chief
Where Have All the
Warrior-Scholars Gone?
A Challenge to All Military
Professionals
n 25 October 1882, Gen.
published articles in peer-reviewed
William Tecumseh Sherman
journals, and atained terminal
gave his opening address to the
degrees. Many also had multiple
second cohort of students atending the
combat deployments in Iraq and
School of Application for Calvary and
Afghanistan, having led troops
Infantry at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
in frontline infantry units from
In his seech, Sherman emphasized
the platoon to batalion levels.
that soldiers were morally and ethically
However, some considered strate-
required to study the profession of arms.
gic-level experience, institutional
He suggesed that those soldiers un-
knowledge, and educational accom-
willing to pursue higher education were
plishments distinct professional
commiting fraud against their country.
disadvantages.
He resented any atempt to belitle the
When preparing to atend the
importance of education. He stated,
Col. Todd A. Schmidt, PhD, U.S. Army
Command Assessment Program,
Director of Army University Press
“In war, as in science, art, and litera-
these ofcers were advised to
ture … we must look to the books—the
focus instead on demonstrating
recorded knowledge of the past.” It was
their tacical organization lead-
imperative for Army soldiers to “know how to read and ership experience and expertise. In feedback from
write,” that the best soldiers are the ones “who add to
their peers and in mentoring sessions with raters and
knowledge” and improve the profession.
senior raters, the message was clear: diminish and
Recently, several senior ofcers going through the
downplay strategic- and institutional-level knowledge,
Command Assessment Program shared anecdotes
experience, and expertise. Instead, demonstrate and
from their professional experiences. Tey had served
highlight vocational training, qualifcations, and pro-
in strategic institutional positions at the very top of the
fciency in small-unit tacics and missions. Tey were
national security policy process and within the head-
advised to avoid referencing accomplishments and
quarters of the Department of the Army. Tese ofcers contributions to the profession through higher-level
had authored several senior-level policy documents,
education, professional development, and publication
O
in professional journals. With the current emphasis
on great power competition and the acknowledged
imperative for agile, adaptive leaders to fght multi-
domain operations, the current triage of priorities in
how the military selects future strategic leaders seems
to neglect the importance of public-facing engage-
ment in critical thought.
Te 2020 RAND Corporation study
Raising the
Flag: Implications of U.S. Military Approaches to
General and Flag Ofcer Development
found that senior
executive ofcers who serve in selection programs and
on promotion boards remain commited to the trend of
picking ofcers that look like them. Tis, obviously, is a
natural human response. Te idea that, “if it worked for
me, then it must be right,” nurtures confrmation bias
and provides an experiential knowledge heuristic that
aids in a complex promotion selection process with
tight deadlines.
As Army University Press and
Military Review
en-
ter 2023 and the next one hundred years of publishing
and promoting articles and scholarly work by military
professionals, I challenge all our military professionals
to lead by example. Take risk. Advocate for and pro-
mote warrior-scholars. Contribute to the profession.
Push back on anti-intellectualism that continues to
pervade the ranks. Put pen to paper. Share your ideas
and experience. Tackle controversial topics through
scholarly discourse. Write!
As I engage with leaders and students across Fort
Leavenworth, I take heart in the continued commit-
ment to education, professional development, and
the military ethic. However, there does seem to be an
apprehension within that population to writing for
publication, an aversion to sharing ideas and experienc-
es in a public format open to debate and criticism. Or,
as is the current trend, many potential writers instead
opt for immediate gratifcation and impact by engaging
on social media and online forums. Tere is no incen-
tive. Te risks outweigh the rewards.
Ofen, military writers, or “infuencers,” run the risk
of castigation as self-promoters who are trying to draw
atention to themselves. Tey are categorized as ego-driv-
en in their eforts to write, share ideas, and join the public
discourse. Some of that may be true. Regardless, we want
and need to encourage our military professionals to con-
tribute their thoughts in writing to make the profession
beter as well as inform society and the public about our
Army, despite any consequences.
It is incumbent on all soldiers who call themselves
military professionals to contribute to scholarship and
conversation that improves the profession, share best
pracices and lessons learned, and invest intellectual
energy into making “the team” beter. We cannot aford
weak intellectuals, cognitive misers, and strategic ama-
teurs in the future operational environment. We need
and must nurture and promote strong, intellectual
warrior-scholars. We need leaders that can write and
engage in scholarly public discourse.
I have a mentor that has reached the highest rungs
of success both professionally and fnancially. As a
young major, siting in an elite social club blocks from
the White House, I asked him once, afer a couple of
cocktails, why he was so kind and helpful to me. He
refected that he had been fortunate in “climbing the
ladder” of success. But, he said, his mentor, a man by
the name of Lt. Gen. Brent Scowcrof, had taught him
to look behind him on his way up and always extend a
hand to help promising young leaders.
As we launch into 2023, I challenge those who
subscribe to the moniker of military professional to
write, to share, to engage, to think. Help the profession
improve. Cast of and banish any hint of anti-intel-
lectual cynicism or undertone that shames those that
seek education and professional development. You can
start in 2023 by working with Army University Press,
submiting articles or book reviews for publication.
Contact us and let us help you reach the full calling and
requirement of a true military professional. Write!
We are looking
˜e Army
University Press
forward to hearing
wants to hear
from you!
from you!
Publish
with us
˜e Army University Press provides writers with a suite of pub-
lishing venues to advance ideas and insights military profes-
sionals need to lead and succeed. Consider
Military Review,
the
Journal of Military Learning,
the NCO Journal, or the Combat
Studies Institute to present cutting-edge thought and discussion
on topics important to the Army and national defense.
Learn how to publish with Army University Press at
https://
www.armyupress.army.mil/Publish-With-Us/.
(Photo by Spc. Taylor Lakey-Tamacori, U.S. Army National Guard)
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