Asia@War №23 - The Sino-Soviet Border War of 1969, Vol. 2 (2021).pdf

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CONTENTS
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Text © Dmitry Ryabushkin and Harold
Orenstein 2021
Photographs © as individually credited
Colour artwork © Anderson Subtil, David
Bocquelet 2021
Maps © George Anderson & Tom Cooper
2021
Designed and typeset by Farr out
Publications, Wokingham, Berkshire
Cover design by Paul Hewitt, Battlefield
Design (www.battlefield-design.co.uk)
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permission for the use of copyright material.
The author and publisher apologise for any
errors or omissions in this work, and would
be grateful if notified of any corrections that
should be incorporated in future reprints or
editions of this book.
ISBN
978-1-804511-01-5
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication
Data
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library
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Abbreviations
Acknowledgements
Editorial Note
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
15 March 1969
Tank No. 545
The Events of 15 and 17 March through the Eyes of Veterans
There Were Heroes in China Too
From Dulaty to Kirkinsky
Zhalanashkol, 13 August 1969
What They Fought with on the Border
How It All Ended
What Next?
2
2
2
3
15
19
26
32
38
46
52
57
Appendices
I Announcement by the Government of the USSR
59
II Note from the Soviet government to the government of
the PRC
63
III Announcement by L.M. Zamyatin, Head of the Press Department
of the USSR MFA at a press conference for Soviet and foreign
journalists, held on 7 March 1969
63
IV Soviet report to East German leadership on Sino-Soviet border
clashes
64
Bibliography
Notes
About The Authors
68
69
72
Note: In order to simplify the use of this book, all names, locations and geographic
designations are as provided in
The Times World Atlas,
or other traditionally accepted
major sources of reference, as of the time of described events.
ASIA@WAR VOLUME 23
ABBREVIATIONS
AK
AKM
APC
CC
CPC
CPSU
FSB
GDR
KGB
MFA
MRD
NP
PLA
Kalashnikov assault rifle (avtomat
Kalashnikova)
modernised Kalashnikov assault rifle (avtomat
Kalashnikova modernizirovannyi)
armoured personnel carrier (BTR or
Bronetransporter)
Central Committee
Communist Party of China
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Federal Security Service (Federalnaya
sluzhba
bezopasnosti)
German Democratic Republic
Committee of State Security (Komitet
gosudarstvennoy
besopasnosti)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
motorised rifle division
observation post (nablyudatelnyi
punkt)
People’s Liberation Army (China)
POW
PRC
RF
RPD
RPG
RPK
RSFSR
RViA
SKS
US(A)
USSR
prisoner of war
People’s Republic of China
Russian Federation
Degtyarev light machine gun (ruchnoy
pulemet
Degtyareva)
light antitank grenade launcher (ruchnoy
protivotankovyi grenatomet)
Kalashnikov light machine gun (ruchnoy
pulemet
Kalashnikova)
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
rocket troops and artillery (raketnye
voyska i artilleriya)
Simonov self-loading carbine (samozaryadnyi
karabin Simonova)
United States (of America)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (colloquially
‘Soviet Union’)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to express our sincere thanks to the veterans who
directly took part in the events of 1969: A.D. Konstantinov, Yu.V.
Babansky, N.I. Popov, V.D. Pavlyuk, N.A. Zadorozhny, G.M.
Zhestkov, A.V. Shamov, V.M. Tirskikh, A.I. Nikitin, N.A. Rozhkov,
V.V. Puchkov, Ye.B. Govor, A.A. Murzin, and A.I. Tsogla. These
men agreed to meet and talk personally or entered into fruitful
correspondence with the authors.
We thank the directors of the Foundation for the Support of
Veterans of the Border Guards, ‘Vernost’, and also the directors of
the Central Border Museum of the Federal Security Service of the
Russian Federation for permission to use their photo archives.
We would like to express our appreciation to A.A. Sabadash, Ye.D.
Leonova, O.N. Bykova, V.N. Volik, S.P. Vashenyak, A.L. Volkov,
A.D. Leonkin, A.N. Musalov, V.I. Gladkov, G.V. Kravchenko, D.V.
Kiselev, Reiko Nishioka (Japan), and Elizabeth McGuire (USA) for
the materials they provided.
Several citizens of the People’s Republic of China rendered
generous assistance in the work on this book, selflessly providing
many Chinese materials. Complying with their request, we will not
identify them by name; nevertheless, we wish to express our sincere
gratitude to them.
The Authors
EDITORIAL NOTE
As with the first volume of this work the translation, undertaken by
Dr Orenstein, is a faithful reproduction in English of the original
Russian text. In order to preserve the authenticity of that text the
editors have taken a very light hand to the manuscript in order to
avoid any unwarranted changes of inflection or meaning.
2
THE SINO-SOVIET BORDER WAR OF 1969 VOLUME 2: CONFRONTATION AT LAKE ZHALANASHKOL AUGUST 1969
1
15 MARCH 1969
Reinforced Soviet border guard details continuously arrived on motorised rifle companies (from 135th MRD’s 199th Motorised
Damansky Island after the 2 March events.
1
As a rule, officers Rifle Regiment), two tank platoons, and two mortar platoons. He
headed these details. Border guards on armoured personnel carriers was assigned the following task: in case of a Chinese attack, to hold
(APCs) were continuously on the spit located opposite the southern Damansky using all available forces. If the conflict escalated into a
end of Damansky. Sappers from a separate sapper battalion mined battle, 135th MRD units were to be committed, in which case overall
command was to be transferred to General Nesov. Nesov had been
the island in case of an attack by Chinese infantry.
An operations group, made up of officers from the Pacific ordered to prepare beforehand a massive artillery strike against the
Ocean Border District headquarters, was created for the purpose of enemy if the border guards were forced to leave the island and the
directing the combat operations. Located at the Nizhne-Mikhaylovka Chinese occupied it. It was particularly emphasised that fire was to
Outpost, the group was headed by Colonel G.P. Sechkin, the deputy be conducted only on Damansky; shells were not to be allowed to
burst on Chinese territory. Any combat operations without an order
chief of the border district’s troops.
KGB Chairman Yu.V. Andropov, who was responsible for the from the commander of the Far East Military District were strictly
border troops, signed the order about reinforcing the Iman Border prohibited.
The Chinese also were not dozing: they assembled as much as a
Detachment, in accordance with which the detachment obtained
Mi-4 helicopters (one flight) and manoeuvre groups from the PLA regiment in the Damansky area. The precise make-up of the
Chinese troops is still not known; however, information on the
Kamen-Rybolov and Grodekov Border Detachments.
In assessing the situation on the border, the Soviet command Chinese Internet makes it possible to assume, that subunits from
concluded that it was necessary to reinforce the border troops with 201st and 202nd Regiments of the PLA took part in the battle that
regular Soviet Army units. There were such units in the Far Eastern ensued. Considerable artillery support forces were assembled here.
The Soviet border guards attentively followed what was
Military District’s 45th Army Corps.
The formation of the corps had begun two years before the events happening on Chinese territory. It was established that mass rallies,
on Damansky, when, in spring 1967, a large group of officers and with the participation of Chinese servicemen, had taken place in
generals from Crimea arrived in the Far East. General V.I. Bulgakov populated border areas, at which ‘Repel the Soviet revisionists’
commanded the corps; in 1968 he was replaced by General S.A. could be heard. The arrivals of Chinese reconnaissance groups at
Rzhechitsky, who before this had served in the Novorossiysk the border were noted, from which it followed that a new battle for
Motorised Rifle Division (MRD). Corps headquarters was located Damansky was brewing.
The authors of some Russian publications about the fighting on
in Lesozavodsk.
135th MRD, which had come to Primorye from Artemovsk Damansky are not too respectful – one might even say they were
(Ukraine, Donetsk Oblast), was part of 45th Army Corps. At this contemptuous – when they spoke about the Chinese soldiers:
time, 199th Verkhne-Udinsky Regiment, which was part of the
division, was already located in
the village of Filino.
In addition to 135th MRD,
the corps had at its disposal
the Imam Fortified Region and
construction units.
2
The corps’
area of responsibility stretched
from Guberovo (right flank) to
Lake Khanka (left flank).
After the first battle
on 2 March, 135th MRD
(commanded by General Major
V.K. Nesov) – infantry, tanks,
artillery, and ‘Grad’ multiple
launch rocket systems – was
deployed in the rear several
kilometres from Damansky.
Another army operations
group, headed by Colonel
N.A. Yegerev, was organised to
coordinate operations with the
border guards.
Colonel
D.V.
Leonov,
chief of the Iman Border
Detachment, received two
Lieutenant Colonel Ye.I. Yanshin. (from V.N. Volik)
3

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