UNIT TEST 8 ● ANSWER KEY
Vocabulary and Grammar
Group A
Vocabulary
Exercise 1
1 sea levels: Sea level is the height or level of the sea against the land.
2 landfill: A landfill is a place where rubbish is thrown into a large hole in the ground.
3 seabed: The seabed is the bottom of the sea.
4 contaminant: A contaminant is a chemical or substance that causes pollution in water or air.
5 oilfields: An oilfield is a place where oil is taken out of the ground.
6 whirlpool: A whirlpool is an area of water where currents cause the water to go round and round in a circular movement.
7 creatures: A creature is an animal.
8 toxins: A toxin is a poisonous substance.
9 barrier: A barrier is something that prevents people or other things from getting past it.
10 throwaway: A throwaway society is one in which people constantly buy new goods and throw old ones away.
Exercise 2
1 adorable: Something that is adorable is very attractive and easy to like.
2 playful: A playful person or animal enjoys playing.
3 agile: An agile person or animal can move and climb easily.
4 aggressive: An aggressive person or animal is likely to attack you.
5 tame: A tame animal is friendly to people and not afraid of them.
Exercise 3
1 arduous: A journey that is arduous is very difficult.
2 blistered: If your feet are blistered, they have areas of raised, painful skin on them because you have been walking a lot.
3 destination: Your destination is the place you are travelling to.
4 scorching: If a place is scorching, it is extremely hot.
5 inhospitable: A place that is inhospitable is very difficult to live in, for example because the climate is unpleasant.
Grammar
Exercise 4
1 started: We use It’s high time with the Past Simple to say that someone should do something now.
2 took: We use if only with the Past Simple to say that we want a present or future situation to be different.
3 could: We use I wish with the Past Simple to say that we want a present or future situation to be different.
4 spoke: We use the Past Simple with would rather to say what someone would prefer now or in the future.
5 hadn’t bought: We use I wish with the Past Perfect to talk about past regrets.
Exercise 5
1 I’d rather they stopped poisoning our soil!: We use the Past Simple with would rather to say what someone would prefer now or in the future.
2 If only I had voted against that rule – what a mistake I made!: We use if only with the Past Perfect to talk about past regrets.
3 correct: We use if only with the Past Simple to say that we want a present or future situation to be different.
4 It’s high time you got a job!: We use It’s high time with the Past Simple to say that someone should do something now.
5 I don’t have any money left – I wish I hadn’t spent it all!: We use I wish with the Past Perfect to talk about past regrets.
Exercise 6
1 happened is: We can use what in cleft sentences for emphasis.
2 no circumstances will: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
3 has the water been polluted: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
4 only does it: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
5 find outrageous is that: We can use what in cleft sentences for emphasis.
6 that has caused all this: We can use it in cleft sentences for emphasis.
7 they did was: We can use what in cleft sentences for emphasis.
8 was German scientists who: We can use it in cleft sentences for emphasis.
9 has this happened: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
10 no way is: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
Group B
1 ice caps: An ice cap is a large area of thick ice at the North or South Pole.
2 food chain: A food chain is a set of animals that each depend on the next one for food.
3 surface: The surface of water is the part on top of it.
4 acid rain: Acid rain is rain that is polluted with dangerous chemicals.
5 debris: Debris is pieces of something that remain after it has been destroyed.
6 particles: Particles are very small pieces of something.
7 nutrients: Nutrients are substances in food that help a plant or animal to live.
8 tide: A tide is a movement of the sea that makes it move towards and away from the land each day.
9 extract: To extract something means to remove it from a place.
10 recycle: To recycle something means to use it again rather than throwing it away.
1 graceful: A graceful person or animal moves in an attractive way.
2 independent: An independent person or animal enjoys being on their own and making their own decisions.
3 sociable: A sociable person or animal enjoys being with other people.
4 wise: A wise person has a lot of knowledge and is able to make good decisions.
5 gentle: A gentle person or animal is not likely to attack you.
1 remote: A place that is remote is far away from towns and villages.
2 record: A record amount is more than has ever happened before.
3 ragged: Ragged clothes are old and torn.
4 sense: Your sense of time is the feeling you have in your head of how much time has passed.
5 poisonous: Something that is poisonous will make you ill if you eat it.
1 had known: We use I wish with the Past Perfect to talk about past regrets.
2 recycled: We use the Past Simple with would rather to say what someone would prefer now or in the future.
3 had set out: We use if only with the Past Perfect to talk about past regrets.
4 solved: We use It’s high time with the Past Simple to say that someone should do something now.
5 could: We use if only with the Past Simple to say that we want a present or future situation to be different.
1 It’s time we went home.: We use It’s time with the Past Simple to say that someone should do something now.
2 I wish I could help you, but I can’t.: We use I wish with the Past Simple to say that we want a present or future situation to be different.
3 Sam gave me good advice – I wish I had listened to him!: We use I wish with the Past Perfect to talk about past regrets.
4 correct: We use if only with the Past Simple to say that we want a present or future situation to be different.
5 I’d rather you didn’t call me before seven o’clock.: We use the Past Simple with would rather to say what someone would prefer now or in the future.
1 floating pieces of plastic that are: We can use it in cleft sentences for emphasis.
2 the scientists did was: We can use what in cleft sentences for emphasis.
3 only are you being disrespectful: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
4 have we had the opportunity to: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
5 happened is: We can use what in cleft sentences for emphasis.
6 no circumstances will I: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
7 I find surprising is: We can use what in cleft sentences for emphasis.
8 was my parents who: We can use it in cleft sentences for emphasis.
9 before have I seen: We use a negative expression + auxiliary verb + subject in inversions for emphasis.
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